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--- glossary:glossary_c [2019/12/12 07:16] – minor edits tgerbic
+++ glossary:glossary_c [2022/06/27 12:23] (current) – Removed scaling so GIF will animate. WhiteCF
@@ Line 24: / Line 24: @@
 ===== CAN or CAN BUS =====
-Refers to Controller Area Network, and is a bus standard designed to allow microcontrollers and devices to communicate with each other. It is a message-based protocol, designed specifically for automotive applications but now also used in other areas including model railroading.  See: [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus|CAN_bus]]
+Refers to Controller Area Network, and is a bus standard designed to allow microcontrollers and devices to communicate with each other. It is a message-based protocol, designed specifically for automotive applications but now also used in other areas including model railroading.  See: [[wp>CAN_bus|CAN_bus]]
 ===== CAN related projects from MERG =====
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 **CANLED** MERG CBUS Control panel LED driver, 1st generation Kit.\\
 **CANPAN** MERG CBUS Control panel combined switch input and LED driver, 2nd generation Kit.\\
+\\
+Public Wiki area for more details: [[public:cbuspublic:start|CBUS]]\\
 ===== Capacitor =====
-A capacitor is a basic electronic component and can have many uses. Small value capacitors are often used in an electrical signal path to block DC voltage and only let AC signals/voltages through. Small value capacitors may also be used with other components to make up filter circuits to pass or limit certain frequencies along a wire. Large value capacitors are often used for short term electrical storage or to smooth out AC ripple in power supplies that get their power from an AC input.  Combining several large capacitors, or using one or more “super” capacitors, may be used in a model railroad engine to provide momentary power when crossing parts of a track (dirty track or gaps in track for example) which would normally cause the engine to stutter or stop.  The common term “bypass capacitor” refers to adding a small value capacitor directly across the power and ground pins of an IC in order to help remove AC ripple or noise from the DC voltage used by the IC.
+A capacitor is a basic electronic component and can have many uses. Small value capacitors are often used in an electrical signal path to block DC voltage and only let AC signals/voltages through. Small value capacitors may also be used with other components to make up filter circuits to pass or limit certain frequencies along a wire. Large value capacitors are often used for short term electrical storage or to smooth out AC ripple in power supplies that get their power from an AC input.  Combining several large capacitors, or using one or more “super” capacitors, may be used in a model railroad engine to provide momentary power when crossing parts of a track (dirty track or gaps in track for example) which would normally cause the engine to stutter or stop.
+The common term “bypass capacitor” refers to adding a small value capacitor directly across the power and ground pins of an IC in order to help remove AC ripple or noise from the DC voltage used by the IC.
 Capacitors can be made from may types of materials or processes such as mica, tantalum, polystyrene, electrolytic or ceramic. Each type has its uses and one type generally will not work in place of other types. Usually the type is called out on a parts list or schematic, or based on the value and tolerance, it may be assumed to be a certain type. Capacitor values are measured in “Farads”, generally microfarads (µF), nanofarads (nF) or picofarads (pF).     \\ [[:glossary:capacitor|Main article]]
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-CARLOS is an acronym for Computer Aided Layout Operating System, a computer programme for creation of model railway control panels on screen. CARLOS is a DOS program developed by MERG member John Down and can be used with the Remote Panel Control (RPC) system. See TB G18/1 for more information.
+CARLOS is an acronym for Computer Aided Railway Layout Operating System, a computer programme for creation of model railway control panels on screen. CARLOS is a DOS program developed by founding MERG member, the late John Down, it was designed to be used with the Remote Panel Control ([[glossary_r#RPC|RPC]]) system. See TB G18/1 for more information.
+An adaptation of the program may be seen at the occasional model railway exhibition running the [[glossary_h#Hysteresis loop|Hysteresis loop]] demonstration. Until recently running on a Windows 95 laptop, it now runs on a Raspberry Pi with a CEEEDTOP screen.
 ===== CBUS =====
-CBUS refers to the CAN based layout control bus created by MERG, see [[https://www.merg.org.uk/merg_resources/cbus.php|CBUS resources page]]\\
+CBUS refers to the CAN based layout control bus created by Mike Bolton and Gil Fuchs and used by MERG, see [[https://www.merg.org.uk/merg_resources/cbus.php|CBUS resources page]]\\
 Public Wiki area for [[public:cbuspublic:start|CBUS]]\\
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 ===== Charlieplexing =====
-Charlieplexing is a method of multiplexing a few I/O ports out of a microcontroller to control a large number of LEDs. It is common for an I/O port to either provide (source) current or provide a low level (sink) from another source of current applied to an LED, to allow an LED to light.  Occasionally when designing a microprocessor circuit that has LEDs, a designer finds there are more LEDs than available I/O pins to control them.
+This is a method of multiplexing a few I/O pins of a microcontroller to control a large number of LEDs. It uses I/O pins that can be 3 state, either source or sink current or be open circuit (switched as input). LEDs are wired in reversed pairs. The LEDs are driven in a multiplexed way, rapidly by software. Only 1 LED is lit at any given time. 3 pins can drive 6 LEDs, 4 pins drive 12 LEDs, 5 pins drive 20 LEDs... See the MERG Journal [[https://merg.org.uk/merg_journal/download.php?fileid=35|March 2006]] p34 for additional information.
+{{:glossary:charlieplexing_slowed.gif|charlieplex}}
-Charlieplexing differs from the common one-port-controls-one-LED scheme by allowing each port to alternately source current or sink current. Charlieplexing takes advantage of the dual use of the I/O port combined with a special LED configuration. The scheme modulates the I/O ports quickly such that the desired individual LEDs appear on. Depending on how the pin wiring and LEDs are arranged, a smaller number of microprocessor pins can control a much larger number of LEDs.  See the MERG newsletter (now called a Journal) of [[https://merg.org.uk/merg_journal/download.php?fileid=35|March 2006]] pages 34 and 35 on the web site for additional information.
 ===== Circuit =====
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-Conductors are materials that allow electrical current to flow through them. They are the opposite of insulators. Also see [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor|semi-conductor]].
+Conductors are materials that allow electrical current to flow through them. They are the opposite of insulators. Also see [[wp>Semiconductor|semi-conductor]].
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-Electric current is by definition the flow of electric charge (electron flow) through a wire, device or circuit. The standard unit of electric current is the Ampere (A), which is a measurement of a certain amount of electrons passing a given point in one second.  See also AMP.
+Electric current is by definition the flow of electric charge (electron flow) through a wire, device or circuit. The standard unit of electric current is the Ampere (A), which is a measurement of a certain amount of electrons passing a given point in one second.  See also [[glossary:glossary_a#amps_or_ampere|Amps or Ampere]]
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-===== CV - Configuration Variable =====
+===== CV =====